AP 5th EVS Textbook Solutions
1. Migration of People
Page 154 - Conceptual Study & Solutions
Observe the picture given below:
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Q1. What do you observe in the picture?
(చిత్రంలో మీరు ఏమి గమనించారు?)Ans: In the picture, we observe many families walking away from their village carrying their household belongings, luggage, cattle, and children with them. -
Q2. Why are people moving from one place to another with their families?
(ప్రజలు తమ కుటుంబాలతో ఒక ప్రాంతం నుండి మరొక ప్రాంతానికి ఎందుకు తరలివెళ్తున్నారు?)Ans: People are moving from one place to another in search of better work, jobs, food, safety, and a better livelihood due to lack of employment or natural problems in their home village.
What is Migration? (వలస అంటే ఏమిటి?)
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another in search of a better livelihood. Sometimes it changes the structure of families.
Page 158 - Conceptual Study & Solutions
Let us discuss (చర్చించండి):
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1. What are the effects of migration? (వలసల వల్ల కలిగే ప్రభావాలు ఏమిటి?)
Ans: Migration causes both positive and negative effects. Positively, it improves financial status and gives better job/education opportunities. Negatively, it creates overcrowding in cities, causes emotional distress, and disrupts children's education. -
2. How does migration affect a family? (వలస ఒక కుటుంబాన్ని ఎలా ప్రభావితం చేస్తుంది?)
Ans: Migration changes the family structure. It may increase income, but it leads to higher cost of living, loss of social support from relatives, and causes adjustment issues in new surroundings.
Page 160 Solutions
Think and Discuss (ఆలోచించండి - చర్చించండి):
Q. Are there any new students in your class who have migrated from another place? Discuss the reasons for their migration.
(మీ తరగతిలో ఇతర ప్రాంతాల నుండి వలస వచ్చిన కొత్త విద్యార్థులు ఎవరైనా ఉన్నారా? వారి వలసకు గల కారణాలను చర్చించండి.)
(మీ తరగతిలో ఇతర ప్రాంతాల నుండి వలస వచ్చిన కొత్త విద్యార్థులు ఎవరైనా ఉన్నారా? వారి వలసకు గల కారణాలను చర్చించండి.)
Ans: Yes, there is a student named Suresh in our class who migrated from a nearby village. The main reasons for their family's migration are that his parents got job transfers to our town and they also wanted better educational facilities for their children.
Positive Effects and Negative Effects of Migration:
| Positive Effects of Migration | Negative Effects of Migration |
|---|---|
|
• People can find better jobs and better livelihood. • Children and families get access to better schools, colleges, and health care services. • People learn new languages and cultures. • It helps to improve the financial status of the family. |
• Cities become too crowded and polluted, leading to unhealthy living conditions. • It becomes harder to find jobs when too many people move to the same place. • Housing, transport, and food become very expensive in cities. • Villages lose skilled and educated people, slowing their development. |
Page 162 - Conceptual Study & Solutions
Let us discuss (చర్చించండి):
Q. How to strengthen our villages to stop migration?
(వలసలను అరికట్టడానికి మన గ్రామాలను ఎలా బలోపేతం చేయవచ్చు?)
(వలసలను అరికట్టడానికి మన గ్రామాలను ఎలా బలోపేతం చేయవచ్చు?)
Ans: The government is already implementing some schemes to provide guaranteed wage employment to villagers. These schemes can be strengthened by creating local employment opportunities, improving agricultural facilities, establishing cottage industries, and providing basic health and education infrastructure in villages.
Let us Do (చేద్దాం రండి):
Observe the families that migrated to your village and compare their work before and after migration.
| Sl.No. | Head of the Family | Reasons for Migration | Work Before Migration | Work After Migration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ramu | Lack of rainfall / Drought | Farmer in village | Construction Labourer |
| 2 | Somaiah | Better earnings & Job search | Agricultural Labourer | Brick kiln worker |
Page 164 - Our School, Our Right & Family Budget
Let us discuss (చర్చించండి):
Q. Can you mention any other schemes provided by our government for education?
(విద్య కోసం మన ప్రభుత్వం అందిస్తున్న ఇతర పథకాలను మీరు పేర్కొనగలరా?)
(విద్య కోసం మన ప్రభుత్వం అందిస్తున్న ఇతర పథకాలను మీరు పేర్కొనగలరా?)
Ans: Yes, the government provides schemes like Thalliki vandanam, Manabadi-Mana Bhavishyattu for school infrastructure improvement, free textbooks, school uniforms, Dokka seethamma mid-day meals, and Bi-cycle distribution to encourage student education.
• Collect information about the income and expenditure of your family and fill in the table given below:
| Income | Expenditure | Total Expenditure | Savings | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provisions | Vegetables | Electricity Bill | Cable Bill | Mobile Recharge | Others | |||
| ₹ 15,000 | ₹ 4,000 | ₹ 1,500 | ₹ 600 | ₹ 400 | ₹ 500 | ₹ 2,000 | ₹ 9,000 | ₹ 6,000 |
Page 166 - Pie Chart Analysis & Solutions
Analysis of family budget - pie chart (కుటుంబ బడ్జెట్ విశ్లేషణ - పై చార్ట్):
A pie chart is a circular graph that is divided into sectors to show proportions of a whole.
The pie charts below show the budgets of two families. Let us observe:
Rakesh's Family Expenditure
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• Provisions: ₹ 2,000
• Vegetables: ₹ 1,000
• Power Bill: ₹ 600
• Cable: ₹ 400
• Mobile Bill: ₹ 600
• Luxuries: ₹ 3,000
• Others: ₹ 2,400
• Total Expenditure: ₹ 10,000
• Savings: ₹ 0
Veeraiah's Family Expenditure
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• Provisions: ₹ 2,500
• Vegetables: ₹ 1,000
• Power Bill: ₹ 400
• Cable: ₹ 300
• Mobile Bill: ₹ 300
• Luxuries: ₹ 1,000
• Others: ₹ 1,000
• Savings: ₹ 3,500
• Total Income: ₹ 10,000
Pie Chart Observation Questions:
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Q1. Which family's expenditure is higher? (ఏ కుటుంబం ఖర్చు ఎక్కువ?)
Ans: Rakesh's family expenditure is higher (₹ 10,000) as he spends all his money without saving anything. -
Q2. Which family saves money? (ఏ కుటుంబం డబ్బు ఆదా చేస్తుంది?)
Ans: Veeraiah's family saves money (₹ 3,500). -
Q3. Can you identify the family that has proper financial planning? (సరియైన ఆర్థిక ప్రణాళిక ఉన్న కుటుంబాన్ని మీరు గుర్తించగలరా?)
Ans: Veeraiah's family has proper financial planning because they control luxury expenses and save money for future needs. -
Q4. Which economic plan will you follow in your family in the future? (భవిష్యత్తులో మీరు మీ కుటుంబంలో ఏ ఆర్థిక ప్రణాళికను పాటిస్తారు?)
Ans: I will follow Veeraiah's family economic plan by reducing unnecessary expenses and saving money regularly.
Let us discuss (చర్చించండి):
Q1. Which is preferable, saving more money or spending more money? (ఎక్కువ డబ్బు పొదుపు చేయడమా లేదా ఎక్కువ డబ్బు ఖర్చు చేయడమా... ఏది మంచిది?)
Ans: Saving more money is preferable because savings help us during emergencies, medical needs, and future education.
Ans: Saving more money is preferable because savings help us during emergencies, medical needs, and future education.
Q2. What will you do with the money you save? (మీరు ఆదా చేసిన డబ్బుతో ఏమి చేస్తారు?)
Ans: I will use the saved money to buy essential books, educational supplies, and help my family during unexpected difficulties.
Ans: I will use the saved money to buy essential books, educational supplies, and help my family during unexpected difficulties.
Page 168 - Needs vs Wants & Make in India
Let us classify our family needs (కుటుంబ అవసరాల వర్గీకరణ):
• Needs (అవసరాలు): The basic needs of human beings required to survive.
• Wants (కోరికలు): Wants are desires that are not essential for survival, but they allow us to lead a comfortable life.
• Wants (కోరికలు): Wants are desires that are not essential for survival, but they allow us to lead a comfortable life.
Activity (కృత్యం):
Classify the following expenses as needs or wants by placing a tick mark (✔) in the appropriate column:
| S.No | Expenditure | Needs | Wants |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Provisions | ✔ | |
| 2. | Clothes | ✔ | |
| 3. | Vegetables | ✔ | |
| 4. | House | ✔ | |
| 5. | Food | ✔ | |
| 6. | Car | ✔ | |
| 7. | Cot | ✔ | |
| 8. | Gold Ornaments | ✔ | |
| 9. | School Bag | ✔ | |
| 10. | Sunglasses | ✔ |
Let us discuss (చర్చించండి):
Q. How can you reduce your family expenses? (మీ కుటుంబ ఖర్చులను ఎలా తగ్గించుకోవచ్చు?)
Ans: We can reduce our family expenses by prioritizing basic needs over luxuries (wants), avoiding unnecessary outdoor food or junk food, saving electricity and water, preparing a monthly family budget, and avoiding impulse shopping.
Page 172 - Key Words, Summary & Solutions
Improve Your Learning (అభ్యసనాన్ని మెరుగుపరుచుకుందాం)
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1. What is migration? (వలస అంటే ఏమిటి?)Ans: Migration is the movement of people from one place to another in search of a better livelihood, employment, education, or safety.
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2. Write any two reasons why people migrate. (ప్రజలు వలస వెళ్ళడానికి గల ఏవేని రెండు కారణాలు రాయండి.)Ans:
1. Natural Reasons: Natural calamities like floods, cyclones, and droughts.
2. Other Reasons: Search for better job opportunities, higher salaries, and better education facilities. -
3. What do we mean by a family budget? (కుటుంబ బడ్జెట్ అంటే ఏమిటి?)Ans: A family budget is a financial plan that shows how to spend a family's income on basic needs and wants over a specific period of time and help save money.
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4. Rani's family moved from a village to a city because there was no regular work in their village. What is this movement of people from one place to another called? ( B )A) TransportationB) MigrationC) CommunicationD) Occupation
Page 174 - Improve Your Learning Solutions
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5. Explain why people migrate from villages to cities. (ప్రజలు గ్రామాల నుండి నగరాలకు ఎందుకు వలస వెళ్తారో వివరించండి.)Ans: People migrate from villages to cities for the following reasons:
• Search of better job opportunities and higher wages.
• Lack of regular employment in villages (especially during dry seasons).
• Better educational facilities for children.
• Access to advanced medical and health care services.
• Crop failures due to natural calamities like floods and droughts. -
6. Explain how slums are formed in cities. (నగరాల్లో మురికివాడలు ఎలా ఏర్పడతాయో వివరించండి.)Ans: Rapid migration of people from rural areas to urban cities leads to overcrowding. Due to poverty and low daily wages, migrant workers cannot afford expensive houses. They build small, temporary shelters on vacant lands with poor town planning, lack of basic amenities like clean drinking water and drainage. This leads to the formation of slum areas.
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7. Why is it important for a family to plan a budget? (కుటుంబం బడ్జెట్ను ప్లాన్ చేసుకోవడం ఎందుకు ముఖ్యం?)Ans: It is important to plan a family budget because:
• It helps to track and control family expenses.
• It distinguishes between basic needs and unnecessary wants.
• It encourages money savings for emergency medical needs or future education.
• It ensures financial stability for the family. -
8. Look at the situations shown below (Flood rescue & Factory work): These reasons can best be classified as migration due to ( B )A) Entertainment onlyB) Natural and economic reasonsC) Travel and tourismD) Family functions
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9. Ravi’s family moved from a village to a city because there was no work in the village. What type of migration is this?Ans: This is an example of Temporary Migration (or Economic / Seasonal Migration).
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10. Ramesh's family migrated to the city. His parents earn daily wages. Their income is uncertain, but expenses like rent and food are fixed. Which action will help the family manage their situation better? ( B )A) Spend all money on the first dayB) Make a simple family budgetC) Stop buying foodD) Move again every month
Page 176 - Improve Your Learning Solutions
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11. Compare the village life of a migrated labourer with his life in a city. (వలస కూలీ యొక్క గ్రామ జీవితాన్ని మరియు నగర జీవితాన్ని పోల్చండి.)
Village Life City Life • Peaceful, pollution-free, and natural environment.
• Strong social bonds; neighbours help each other.
• Low cost of living, but limited work opportunities.
• Open living spaces and fresh air.• Crowded, polluted, and noisy surroundings.
• Busy lifestyle; less social interaction with neighbours.
• High cost of living (rent, food, travel), but better wage/earning options.
• Congested temporary shelters or slums. -
12. If you meet a migrated family in your village, what type of questions would you ask them to find out the reasons for their migration? (మీ గ్రామంలో వలస వచ్చిన కుటుంబాన్ని కలిస్తే, వారి వలసకు గల కారణాలను తెలుసుకోవడానికి ఎలాంటి ప్రశ్నలు అడుగుతారు?)Ans: I would ask them the following questions:
1. Which place or village did you migrate from?
2. What was the main reason for leaving your native place?
3. Did you face any natural calamities like floods or drought there?
4. What work were you doing earlier, and what work are you doing here?
5. Are your children going to school regularly in this new place? -
13. Study the family budget below and answer:
• Income = ₹ 10,000 | Rent = ₹ 5,000 | Food = ₹ 4,000 | Travel = ₹ 1,500
• Is the family saving money or spending more than income? Why?Ans:
• Total Expenditure: Rent (₹ 5,000) + Food (₹ 4,000) + Travel (₹ 1,500) = ₹ 10,500
• Status: The family is spending more than their income.
• Reason: Their total expenditure (₹ 10,500) exceeds their total income (₹ 10,000) by ₹ 500, leading to a loss/deficit instead of savings. -
14. Which is better for a family: a) Spending without planning b) Following a family budget. Give one reason.Ans: b) Following a family budget is better for a family.
• Reason: Following a family budget helps to control unnecessary expenses, ensures basic needs are fulfilled, and allows the family to save money for emergency medical or educational needs. -
15. Ranga is going to work with his father. He stopped going to school. How can you motivate him to rejoin school? (రంగా తన తండ్రితో కలిసి పనికి వెళ్తున్నాడు. అతను బడికి వెళ్లడం మానేశాడు. అతడు మళ్లీ బడిలో చేరేలా ఎలా ప్రేరేపిస్తారు?)Ans: I will motivate Ranga by:
• Explaining that "Education is every child's right" and it is essential for a bright future.
• Telling him about government schemes like free textbooks, uniforms, mid-day meals, and seasonal hostels for migrant children.
• Informing him that education will help him get better jobs in the future instead of doing hard manual labour.
• Taking help from our class teacher and school headmaster to talk to his parents.
