QUESTIONS, ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS
1. Match the instrument with the weather element it measures.
| A | Ans | B |
|---|---|---|
| 1) Hygrometer | ( d ) | d) Humidity |
| 2) Anemometer | ( c ) | c) Wind direction and speed |
| 3) Barometer | ( b ) | b) Atmospheric pressure |
| 4) Thermometer | ( e ) | e) Temperature |
| 5) Rain gauge | ( a ) | a) Precipitation |
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2. Explain in your own words why people who climb mountains might sometimes need supplemental oxygen.
As people climb higher into the mountains, the atmospheric pressure decreases because the air gets thinner than in the plains below. Due to this lower air pressure, there is less oxygen available for the lungs to take in, making it harder to breathe and causing climbers to feel breathless, dizzy, or tired. Therefore, they sometimes need supplemental oxygen.
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3. Krishna wakes up early on a winter morning and feels very cold, so he wears thick woollen clothes. A few months later, during summer, he chooses light cotton clothes to stay cool. His teacher explains that Krishna's body is responding to the weather conditions, which are caused by changes in the Earth's atmosphere, especially in the troposphere, where most weather phenomena occur.
Based on the above case and the information given in the textbook, answer the following:
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a) What is meant by weather?
Weather is a state of the Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place.
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b) Why do people choose different types of clothes in winter and summer?
People choose different types of clothes in winter and summer to respond to their body's signals and adapt to the changing temperature and weather conditions of the atmosphere.
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a) What is meant by weather?
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4. Uma is deciding what clothes to pack for her school trip to Mumbai in June. She looks at the weather forecast, which predicts $29^{\circ}C$ and 84% humidity. What would be your advice to her?
With a temperature of $29^{\circ}C$ and a high relative humidity of 84%, the weather in Mumbai will be warm and very humid, causing people to sweat more and wet clothes to dry slowly. Therefore, the advice would be to pack light, breathable cotton clothes that keep her cool and comfortable in the humid conditions, along with protection for expected rainy or wet weather.
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5. Imagine that a small group of students is setting up a rain gauge. [APPLICATION ACTIVITY]
Here are some options for the site.
i. The school vegetable garden.
ii. The terrace of the school building.
iii. Open ground with elevated platform.
iv. Compound wall of school.
v. Verandah of the school laboratory.
Discuss in your group and finalize the site. Write down the reasons for your decision.
The most suitable site is an open ground with an elevated platform (Option iii) or the terrace of the school building (Option ii), provided it is completely free from obstructions. Reasons: A rain gauge must be placed in an open area away from objects like trees, tall buildings, or walls that might obstruct falling rainwater. An elevated open space ensures that rain falls directly into the collecting funnel without interference and prevents the gauge from tilting, flooding from ground runoff, or toppling over.
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6. Below is a chart taken from IMD, Jammu and Kashmir. Looking at the data available, write a short script to report the weather conditions in different parts of Jammu and Kashmir on the date shown. (Hint: Cover the temperature range, maximum and minimum temperatures, humidity, precipitation, etc.)
Good evening. Here is the daily weather report for Jammu and Kashmir as recorded on 01-02-2024:
In Srinagar, the maximum temperature reached 6.5°C with a minimum around -2.4°C, accompanied by heavy relative humidity levels reaching up to 89% and notable precipitation.
Qazigund recorded a maximum temperature of 3.2°C and a low of -5.3°C, experiencing significant precipitation including heavy snowfall totaling 22.0 mm/cm and high humidity up to 97%.
In Pahalgam, temperatures hovered with a maximum of 5.6°C and a minimum of -6.1°C, alongside 19.4 mm/cm of precipitation and relative humidity around 96%.
Kupwara saw a maximum temperature of 8.5°C and a minimum of -3.4°C, with lighter precipitation of 10.0 mm/cm and humidity touching 97%.
Kukernag reported a chilly maximum of 2.6°C and a minimum of -4.0°C, recording substantial precipitation of 35.2 mm/cm and 96% humidity.
In the higher altitude region of Gulmarg, the maximum temperature was recorded at 1.4°C with a lower minimum of -7.6°C, accompanied by 35.2 mm/cm of precipitation and 76% to 100% humidity.
Finally, Muzafarabad registered a maximum temperature of 8.5°C, minimum of 5.6°C, and 25.8 mm/cm of precipitation with a relative humidity of 93%. Overall, the region experiences cold winter conditions with widespread precipitation and high humidity.
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