Page 244
Observe the picture and answer the following questions
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1. What are the students doing?
The students are sitting together with their teacher and eating their mid-day meal.
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2. Do all your family members eat together every day?
Yes, our family members try to sit together and eat dinner every day.
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3. What might happen if we skip our breakfast or lunch?
If we skip our breakfast or lunch, we feel weak, tired, lack energy, cannot concentrate on our studies, and may suffer from stomach ailments.
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4. Why should we eat different types of food?
We should eat different types of food because no single food contains all the essential nutrients; eating a variety ensures our body gets carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
Page 254
Activity: Arrange the stages of cultivation in a sequential order
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Sequential Order of Cultivation Stages:
1. ( 2 ) Transplantation (Planting seedlings)
2. ( 3 ) Fertilizing & Weeding
3. ( 4 ) Harvesting (Cutting the ripe crop)
4. ( 5 ) Preserving and Storing (Paddy bags stored in godowns)
Page 262
EXERCISE: True or False
| Statement | Ans |
|---|---|
| a) Farmers in olden days used wooden plough to till the soil. | True |
| b) Wooden seed planter is an example of modern agricultural tools. | False |
| c) Bullocks were used to pull traditional ploughs. | True |
| d) Harvesters help farmers cut and collect crops in modern farming. | True |
| e) Sickles are traditional tools used for cutting crops by hand. | True |
| f) Drones are used in traditional farming to spray fertilizers. | False |
| g) Traditional tools always work faster than modern machines. | False |
| h) Power tillers help farmers to prepare soil in traditional ploughing. | False |
| i) Water wheels (chakrams) were used in the past to lift water from wells. | True |
| j) Modern irrigation systems like drip irrigation save water in farming. | True |
Page 264 & 266
Let us do: Crops grown in Andhra Pradesh Districts Table
| S.No | Name of the district | Main Crops Grown | S.No | Name of the district | Main Crops Grown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Parvathipuram Manyam | Paddy, Cashew | 14 | Guntur | Chilli, Cotton, Tobacco |
| 2 | Srikakulam | Paddy, Coconut | 15 | Bapatla | Paddy, Groundnut |
| 3 | Vizianagaram | Paddy, Sugarcane | 16 | Palnadu | Cotton, Chilli |
| 4 | Visakhapatnam | Paddy, Vegetables | 17 | Prakasam | Tobacco, Cotton |
| 5 | Alluri Sitharama Raju | Coffee, Turmeric, Millets | 18 | Kurnool | Cotton, Jowar, Onion |
| 6 | Anakapalli | Sugarcane, Paddy | 19 | Nandyal | Paddy, Sunflower, Bengal gram |
| 7 | Kakinada | Paddy, Coconut | 20 | Y.S.R. Kadapa | Groundnut, Turmeric, Banana |
| 8 | East Godavari | Paddy, Pulses | 21 | Nellore | Paddy, Sugarcane |
| 9 | Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema | Paddy, Coconut, Banana | 22 | Ananthapuramu | Groundnut, Sweet Lime |
| 10 | West Godavari | Paddy, Sugarcane | 23 | Sri Sathya Sai | Groundnut, Mulberry |
| 11 | Eluru | Paddy, Oil Palm, Cocoa | 24 | Annamayya | Tomato, Mango, Groundnut |
| 12 | Krishna | Paddy, Black gram | 25 | Tirupati | Paddy, Groundnut |
| 13 | N.T.R. | Cotton, Chilli, Mango | 26 | Chittoor | Sugarcane, Mango, Tomato |
Let us discuss
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1. What are the crops cultivated in your village?
Paddy, groundnut, chillies, and vegetables.
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2. List out other crops which grow in your district?
Cotton, sugarcane, black gram, mango, and coconut.
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3. What is the major crop cultivated in most districts of Andhra Pradesh?
Paddy (Rice) is the major crop cultivated in most districts of Andhra Pradesh.
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4. What are the crops which use more water to cultivate?
Paddy and sugarcane.
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5. What are the crops which use less water to cultivate?
Millets (Ragi, Jowar, Bajra), pulses (Red gram, Green gram), and groundnut.
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6. How technology made agriculture easy?
Technology introduced tractors, harvesters, seed planters, drones for spraying pesticides, and drip/sprinkler irrigation systems, saving time, labour, and water.
Page 268
Improve your Learning
Questions 1 to 12
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1. Why is it important to eat a variety of foods?
Answer: B) To get different nutrients for a healthy body
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2. Name any two tools used by farmers in cultivation.
1. Plough (Wood plough / Tractor plough)
2. Sickle (or Harvester) -
3. What is irrigation?
Supplying water to the agricultural fields for cultivating crops is called irrigation.
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4. Name one crop-friendly insect.
Ladybird beetle (or Honeybee).
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5. Explain why eating different kinds of food keeps us healthy.
Different foods provide different nutrients like carbohydrates for energy, proteins for growth, and vitamins and minerals for disease protection. Eating a balanced variety keeps our body functioning properly and prevents illness.
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6. Describe the stages of cultivation of paddy.
1. Preparing seedlings in the nursery block
2. Ploughing, watering, and levelling the main field
3. Transplantation of seedlings
4. Adding fertilizers and removing weeds (Weeding)
5. Crop protection by controlling pests
6. Harvesting and threshing the crop
7. Packing, storing in godowns, and marketing. -
7. Why do farmers use irrigation methods for crops?
Farmers use irrigation methods to supply adequate water to crops during non-rainy periods and to manage water efficiently in drought-prone areas.
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8. Explain the importance of organic farming.
Organic farming uses natural compost and bio-manure instead of harmful chemicals. It keeps the soil fertile, conserves water, protects wildlife, reduces pollution, and produces healthy, chemical-free food that prevents chronic diseases.
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9. Which pair is correctly matched?
Answer: C) Ladybird - crop-friendly insect
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10. Your friend eats only rice every day. What advice will you give him about food?
I will advise him that rice provides only carbohydrates. To stay healthy, strong, and active, he should also eat pulses, green leafy vegetables, fruits, eggs, and milk.
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11. You see earthworms in field. Are they helpful or harmful to crops? Why?
Earthworms are very helpful to crops. They burrow into the soil, making it loose and airy, and their castings act as rich natural organic manure (vermicompost). They are called "farmer's friends."
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12. Sita's family buys vegetables grown without chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This practice supports:
Answer: B) Organic farming and healthy lifestyle
Page 270
Questions 13 to 20
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13. Arrange the stages of paddy cultivation in the correct order: Harvesting, Sowing, Ploughing, Transplanting.
Correct Order: Ploughing → Sowing → Transplanting → Harvesting
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14. Compare traditional tools and modern tools of agriculture. Write one difference.
Traditional tools (like wooden plough, sickle) depend on animal and human labour and take more time, while modern tools (like tractors, harvesters) run on fuel/electricity and complete farm work very quickly.
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15. Is eating junk food everyday a healthy habit? Why?
No, eating junk food every day is unhealthy because it is high in unhealthy fats, salt, and refined sugar and lacks essential vitamins and minerals, leading to obesity, diabetes, and heart problems.
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16. Why should farmers avoid using too many chemical fertilisers?
Overuse of chemical fertilizers damages the natural fertility of the soil, pollutes ground water, kills friendly soil organisms, and causes severe health issues like cancer in humans.
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17. Draw and label any two farming tools.
1. Sickle: A curved metal blade with a wooden handle used for cutting crops.
2. Plough: A farming tool used to till and turn the soil before sowing. -
18. Write two sentences on how you can support farmers.
1. We can support farmers by buying organic produce directly from local farmers and Rythu Bazaars.
2. We should avoid wasting food and respect the hard work of our farmers. -
19. Make a poster on slogan "Eat Healthy Food, Live Healthy Life".
Poster Slogans:
- "Choose Fruits and Veggies over Junk Food!"
- "A Balanced Diet Today Keeps the Doctor Away!"
- "Eat Healthy Food, Live Healthy Life!" -
20. Recreate the same type of poster on Organic Farming in your own way.
Key Poster Points:
- "Say NO to Chemical Fertilizers & Pesticides"
- "Adopt Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)"
- "Protect Soil, Conserve Water, Save Earth"
- "Healthy Soil → Healthy Crops → Healthy Nation!"
