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Observe the picture given below
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Identify the different water sources from the image and write their names.
Rain, Ocean / Sea, River, Lake / Tank, Pond, Well, Borewell / Hand pump, Tap water.
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Try to guess the answer to this riddle :
I have no feet, but I travel far
Through the field and forests, under moon and stars
I quench your thirst and help plants grow
From mountain to sea, I quietly flow
Who am I?A River. -
Write the name of some rivers that you know.
1. Krishna
2. Godavari
3. Penna (or Ganga)
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Activity
- Look at the image and answer the following questions.
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1. Name the states that Krishna flows through.
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.
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2. Name the dams constructed on the river.
Koyna Dam, Almatti Dam, Srisailam Dam, Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, and Prakasam Barrage.
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3. What are the tributaries of the river Krishna?
Bhima, Koyna, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, Tungabhadra, Munneru, and Wyra.
Let us discuss
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• Can we control the flow of the river? How?
Yes, we can control the flow of the river by constructing dams, barrages, and reservoirs across it.
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Activity
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1. When was the Nagarjuna Sagar dam built ?
The Nagarjuna Sagar dam was built in 1967.
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2. Where is the Srisailam dam located?
The Srisailam dam is located in the Nallamala Hills across the Krishna River, on the border of the Nandyal (Andhra Pradesh) and Nagar Kurnool (Telangana) districts.
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Let us discuss
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What problems will occur if we do not have dams?
If we do not have dams, we cannot store water for agriculture and drinking during dry seasons. It will also lead to uncontrolled floods, loss of water into the sea, and difficulty in generating hydroelectric power.
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Are there any other structures similar to dams?
Yes, barrages, reservoirs, and check dams are structures similar to dams.
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Let us discuss
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From which place does the Godavari River originate in the picture?
The Godavari River originates at Trimbakeshwar in Maharashtra.
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Follow the Godavari River in the image. Write the states it flows through?
Maharashtra, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.
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Where does it finally merge?
It finally merges into the Bay of Bengal.
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Let Us Know
- Observe the Andhra Pradesh and fill the given table.
| Name of the river | Districts through which the river flows | Location where the river merges with sea |
|---|---|---|
| Godavari | Alluri Sitharama Raju, East Godavari, Kakinada, Konaseema, West Godavari, Eluru | Bay of Bengal (near Antarvedi / Yanam) |
| Krishna | Kurnool, Nandyal, Palnadu, Guntur, Bapatla, NTR, Krishna | Bay of Bengal at Hamsaladeevi |
| Penna | Sri Sathya Sai, Ananthapuramu, YSR Kadapa, Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore | Bay of Bengal (near Utukuru / Nellore) |
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Let us discuss
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What are the occupations in which people are engaged near the river?
Fishing, agriculture (farming), boating/ferrying, sand mining, laundry work, and tourism/recreational activities.
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How do rivers help people in transportation and trade?
Rivers provide natural waterways for boats and barges to carry goods and passengers economically from one place to another.
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Let us discuss
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Discuss the causes of water pollution. What are its bad consequences?
Causes: Discharging untreated industrial effluents, releasing domestic sewage, throwing plastic and garbage, immersion of idols, and agricultural runoff containing fertilizers.
Consequences: It harms aquatic life, makes water unsafe for drinking, spreads waterborne diseases, damages crops, and disturbs the ecosystem. -
What measures do you take to avoid water pollution in the rivers?
Do not dump plastic or solid waste into rivers, treat factory waste and sewage before releasing them, avoid washing clothes or bathing cattle in river water, and use eco-friendly products.
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Let us discuss
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If there was no water for a week, which problems you may face?
We will face severe dehydration, lack of drinking water, difficulty in cooking food, inability to bathe, clean, or maintain sanitation, and our domestic plants and animals will suffer.
Page 292
Project work
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Prepare a poster on "Save water; Every drop counts" Display in the class.
Poster Slogan: "Save Water, Save Life – Every Drop Counts!"
Key Points to Illustrate: Turn off taps while brushing, fix leaking pipes, practice rainwater harvesting, and reuse water for gardening.
Improve your Learning
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1. Name the sources of water.
Oceans, seas, rivers, ponds, tanks, lakes, wells, borewells, and rain are the main sources of water.
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2. Write the names of some rivers in India.
Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Krishna, Narmada, Tapti, Brahmaputra, and Penna.
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3. What is a dam?
A dam is a barrier constructed across a river to hold back water, raise its level, and form a reservoir for water storage and electricity generation.
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4. Explain the uses of reservoirs in our surroundings.
Reservoirs store water for drinking purposes, supply water for agricultural irrigation, help in fish farming, generate hydroelectricity, and aid in flood control.
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5. What are the main reasons for river pollution?
Discharge of industrial chemical effluents, dumping domestic sewage and plastic waste, drainage of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers, and releasing wastes from thermal power stations.
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6. Which one of the following is not a primary purpose behind constructing a dam across a river?
Answer: A) fishing
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7. Your area did not receive rain for a long time. Which problem may occur?
Drought conditions will occur, leading to water scarcity, drying up of wells and crops, shortage of food and drinking water, and lack of fodder for cattle.
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8. During heavy rains, the water level in a river rises. What danger does it cause to nearby villages?
It causes floods that submerge houses, roads, and agricultural fields, leading to destruction of property, loss of crops, risk of drowning, and displacement of people and cattle.
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9. A village located near a river faces frequent floods during the rainy season and water scarcity during summer. The government plans to construct a dam across the river. How will the dam help the village?
Answer: C) It will control floods, store water, and generate electricity.
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10. Which of the following is the major cause of damage to living organisms in rivers?
Answer: A) wastes from industries and power stations
- 11. Classify the following as natural or human-made causes of river pollution:
| Natural river pollution | human-made river pollution |
|---|---|
| ii) Dead plants and animals | i) Industrial waste |
| iv) Soil erosion | iii) Plastic waste |
| v) Decay of organic matter | vii) Waste water |
| vi) Leaching of minerals | viii) Oil spills |
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12. Compare floods and droughts. Write one difference.
Floods occur due to excess rainfall causing rivers to overflow and submerge land, whereas droughts occur due to lack of rainfall for a prolonged period causing water bodies and crops to dry up.
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13. How are rivers, reservoirs, and dams connected to each other?
A dam is built across a flowing river to hold back its water, which creates a large artificial lake called a reservoir to store water for multiple uses.
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14. Is it right to release untreated factory waste into rivers? Why?
No, it is not right. Untreated factory waste contains harmful and toxic chemicals that kill aquatic animals, pollute drinking water, and make the water harmful for humans and agriculture.
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15. Are dams important for our country? Give one reason.
Yes, dams are very important because they store huge amounts of water needed for irrigating agricultural crops and help generate clean hydroelectric power.
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16. Make a poster on "Save Rivers, Save Life".
Poster Title: "Save Rivers, Save Life"
Message: Stop throwing garbage into rivers; treat sewage and industrial waste before release; clean rivers ensure a healthy future for all living beings. -
17. Suggest two ways to reduce river pollution.
1. Treat industrial effluents and domestic sewage before discharging them into rivers.
2. Strictly prohibit dumping plastic materials and solid garbage into river bodies. -
18. Colour the districts through which the Krishna River flows and draw the flow line of the Krishna River on the given map of Andhra Pradesh.
Districts to color: Kurnool, Nandyal, Prakasam, Palnadu, Guntur, Bapatla, NTR, and Krishna.
Flow line: Trace the path entering from Telangana/Kurnool border, passing through Srisailam, Nagarjuna Sagar, Vijayawada (Prakasam Barrage), and merging into the Bay of Bengal at Hamsaladeevi in Krishna district.
